| Frequently
Asked Questions >> Will
you define the technical terms used when talking about domain names? |
| QUESTION:
Will you define the technical terms used when talking about
domain names?
|
ANSWER:
- Administrative Contact
The administrative contact is an individual authorized to
interact with the registrar on behalf of the domain name
registrant. The administrative contact should be able to
answer non-technical questions about the domain name's
registration and the domain name registrant. It is
strongly recommended that the administrative contact be
the registrant or someone from the registrant's
organization.
- AERO
Top-level domain reserved for members of the aviation
community.
- Billing Contact
The billing contact is the person designated to receive
the invoice for domain name registration and renewal fees.
The billing contact should be in a position to ensure
prompt payment of fees.
- BIZ
Top-level domain reserved for the business community.
- Browser
A computer program that allows a person to view Web pages.
The browser gives some means of viewing the content of Web
site pages and of navigating from one page to another.
- COM
Top-level domain that was intended just for commercial
sites, but has become the most commonly used TLD on the
Web.
- CC
Top Level Domain that is sometimes used as an alternative
to COM, though it is actually a country code for the Cocos
or Keeling Islands.
- COOP
Top-level domain reserved for cooperative businesses.
- DNS
A distributed database of information that is used to
translate domain names, which are easy for humans to
remember and use, into Internet Protocol (IP) numbers,
which are what computers need to find each other on the
Internet. People working on computers around the globe
maintain their specific portion of this database, and the
data held in each portion of the database is made
available to all computers and users on the Internet. The
DNS is comprised of computers, data files, software, and
people working together.
- Domain Name
In short, a domain name is nothing more than an alias for
a numeric Web address. Each Web site on the Internet has a
numeric address that functions like coordinates on a map.
Instead of pointing to a geographic location on Earth,
these numeric addresses, called IP addresses, point to a
location on the Internet. Computers have no problems with
locating and remembering numeric addresses. In contrast,
many people have trouble remembering long, complicated
sequences of numbers. So, to make navigating the Internet
easier, the domain name system was invented. This system
allows people to use easy to remember names for Web sites
instead of numeric sequences.
- EDU
A top-level domain available exclusively to educational
institutions certified by one of the six U.S. regional
accrediting agencies.
- Fully-Qualified Domain Name
A fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) includes all parts of
a domain: the hostname or subdomain, the domain name, and
the top-level domain. They are often seen in the URLs for
Web sites (e.g."http://support.microsoft.com").
- FTP
File Transfer Protocol is the Internet standard for
transferring files from one computer to another, i.e. from
a Web developer's computer to the hosting server for her
Web site. FTP client software is usually used for this
purpose. WS_FTP, CuteFTP, and CoffeeCup are all popular
FTP clients. Additionally, there are many Internet sites
that have established publicly accessible repositories of
material that can be obtained using FTP by logging in
using the account name 'anonymous' and an email address as
the password.
- HTTP
Documents on the World Wide Web are written in a simple
"markup language" called HTML, which stands for
HyperText Markup Language. HTML looks a lot like
old-fashioned typesetting code, where you surround a block
of text with codes that indicate how it should appear.
Additionally, in HTML you can specify that a block of
text, or a word, is linked to another file on the
Internet. HTML files are meant to be viewed using a
browser, such as Netscape or Internet Explorer.
- Hypertext
HyperText Transfer Protocol is the protocol for moving
hypertext files across the Internet. It requires an HTTP
client program on one end and an HTTP server on the other.
HTTP is the most important protocol used in the World Wide
Web (WWW).
- IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The agency that oversees registration for various Internet
Protocol parameters, such as port numbers, enterprise
numbers, options, codes, and types. The IANA function is
currently located at the Information Sciences Institute at
the University of Southern California in Marina del Rey,
CA.
- ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
ICANN is the non-profit corporation that assumed
responsibility from the U.S. Government for coordinating
certain Internet technical functions, including the
management of Internet domain name system. More
information about ICANN can be found at their Web site: www.icann.org.
- INFO
Top-level domain that is unrestricted, but is generally
used for informative purposes.
- InterNIC
www.internic.net
The InterNIC is a concept for an integrated network
information center that was developed by several
companies, including Network Solutions, in cooperation
with the U.S. Government. Currently, the term "InterNIC"
is being used in conjunction with a neutral, stand alone
Web page (located at http://www.internic.net) that was
established for the purpose of providing the public with
information regarding Internet domain name registration.
InterNIC is a registered service mark of the U.S.
Department of Commerce.
- IP Address
Every machine that is on the Internet has a unique IP
number - if a machine does not have an IP number, it is
not really on the Internet. Most machines also have one or
more Domain Names that are easier for people to remember.
IP addresses are comprised of four numbers between 0 and
255, separated by periods (e.g. 216.168.224.69). For more
information, HowStuffWorks.com has an easy to understand
essay on How IP Addresses Work as a part of its larger
article on How Domain Name Servers Work.
- ISP (Internet Service Provider)
While rather a generic term, ISP generally refers to a
person, organization, or company that allows its users
access to the Internet. In addition to Internet access,
many ISPs provide Web hosting, DNS and other services.
- MIL
Top-level domain operated exclusively by the United States
Military.
- MUSEUM
Top-level domain reserved for museums.
- NAME
Top-level domain reserved exclusively for individuals.
- Name server
A computer (server) that has both the software and the
data (zone files) needed to resolve domain names to
Internet Protocol (IP) numbers. Domain names must be
programmed into a minimum of two name servers hosted on
separate networks.
- NET
Top-level domain that is unrestricted, but primarily used
by Internet service providers (ISPs).
- ORG
Top-level domain that is unrestricted, but mainly used by
nonprofit organizations.
- Parked Domain
A domain that has been pointed to a generic or simple Web
site on the Registrar's network. Domains are usually
parked while Web sites for them are under development.
Then, after the site is ready, the domain is unparked and
pointed to the DNS for the hosting provider's network.
This is done to avoid paying for a hosting account before
a site is ready to be uploaded. Domains that have been
parked with EZER(Web host, Domain names Backorder, Free
masking, Free forwarding, SMPT) can be used for email or
one-page Web sites.
- Registrant
The individual or organization that registers a specific
domain name. This individual or organization holds the
right to use that specific domain name for a specified
period of time, provided certain conditions are met and
the registration (NIC) fees are paid. This person or
organization is the "legal entity" bound by the
terms of all applicable domain registration Service
Agreements.
- Registrar
An entity with a direct contractual relationship with, and
special access to, a registry, that inserts records on
behalf of others.
- Registry
A database associating DNS information with some person,
legal entity, operational entity, or other referent.
- Restricted top-level domain name (rTLD)
A top-level domain, such as .biz, .gov, .museum, .name,
and .pro, that is only available to registrants who meet
certain criteria.
- Root
The top of the Domain Name System hierarchy. Often
referred to as the "dot."
- Server
A computer that provides a service to another computer on
a network. If I network two identical machines in my
house, and use one to retrieve a file from another, I have
just used the second machine as a server. One of the more
common kinds of servers is a Web server. These computers
offer up Web pages when they are requested. So, when I go
to microsoft.com, one of Microsoft's Web servers offers up
a Web page to my computer. Most servers have special
software that enables them to better manage requests. In
the case of Web pages, IIS and Apache are two popular Web
server platforms.
- Technical Contact
The person responsible for handling the technical aspects
of a domain. If a corporation is the registrar of the
domain, this person might be the CIO or the network
administrator for the company. Otherwise it is likely to
be the same person as the Registrant Contact.
- TLD
Top Level Domain. In the Domain Name System (DNS), the
highest level of the hierarchy after the root. In a domain
name, that portion of the domain name that appears
furthest to the right. The TLD is often termed the domain
name extension. For example, the TLD is the COM in
microsoft.com.
- URL
Uniform Resource Locator. An Internet "address."
A draft standard for specifying the location of an object
on the Internet, such as a file or a newsgroup. They are
used in HTML documents to specify the target of a
hyperlink, which is often another HTML document (possibly
stored on another computer).
Examples of URL's:
http://www.cnn.com
http://www.google.com
http://www.ebay.com
The first part of the URL, before the colon (often http),
specifies the protocol. The part of the URL after the
colon is interpreted based on the protocol or access
method.
- Forwarding
Redirecting all Web traffic for a domain to a specific
URL. So, I might forward thisdomain.com to my free hosting
space at http://customer.earthlink.net. Thus to reach my
site at Earthlink all a person would have to type in is
the domain, rather than the long URL given to me by my
ISP. Masking could also be used to hide the fact that the
site was on Earthlink once a visitor got there, if I so
desired.
- US
Country-code top-level domain that is available
exclusively for residents of the United States and its
territories.
- Web Page
Simply, a block of information running on a Worldwide
server process, identified by a specific URL. Such pages
are most often written in HTML. It is also possible for a
server to create a dynamic Web page via special scripts.
- Web Site
A document, usually written in HTML, that displays in a
browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape.
- WhoIs
A searchable database containing information about the
domains managed through a given Registrar. Registrars are
required to make the contact information for domains
public.
- WS
Top-level domain that is generally interpreted as 'Web
Site.'
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